A future Labour government would introduce a three-year cap on structural spending, including housing benefits, from 2015-6, its leader said.
He also said those in work for under five years may not be eligible for some jobless benefits while those who had worked for longer should get more help.
The Conservatives said the "vacuous" plan would not bring down costs.
In a speech in east London, Mr Miliband announced a series of changes to Labour policy:
A three-year cap on spending on structural benefits - including housing benefit and other non-cyclical costs - will be introduced in 2015-6Contribution-based unemployment benefits such as jobseekers allowance (JSA), will be reviewedPriority will be given to those who have worked and paid tax for longer while eligibility for the top-up contributory JSA may be extended from two to five years in workCouncils will be given power to negotiate rents with landlords to help reduce housing benefits billsChild benefit for families with one person earning over £50,000 will not be reinstatedMore help for disabled people to take up work opportunitiesThe Labour leader said the government's "short-term" approach was failing and history showed that cutting individual benefits alone would not reduce the overall cost of social security.
Instead, Labour would tackle the "underlying causes" of rising welfare costs, such as unemployment, low pay and high rents.
Continue reading the main storyWhat was clear today, however, is the Labour leader's philosophy. He believes that cutting benefits is not the way to cut the benefit bill”End Quote "The next Labour government will have less money to spend. If we are going to turn our economy around, protect our NHS, and build a stronger country we will have to be laser focused on how we spend every single pound.
"Social security spending, vital as it is, cannot be exempt from that discipline."
He said Labour, if elected, would introduce a cap on "structural spending" - such as housing benefit and disability allowances - for three years from 2015-16 to deal with the long-term pressures on welfare budgets.
The idea of a cap - which would not affect parts of the welfare budget affected by changes in unemployment - was suggested by Conservative Chancellor George Osborne in March's Budget.
'Faith shaken'Mr Miliband did not give an overall figure for the cap, saying it would have to be set at a "sensible" level, but argued that it would help "to control costs" and introduce "greater discipline".
Mr Miliband said the country could not afford to continue paying billions on housing benefit when there was a chronic shortage of new homes being built.
A future Labour government would give councils the power to negotiate with landlords on tenants' behalf over rents and keep any savings they make to invest in building new homes.
Continue reading the main storyEd Miliband is too weak to deliver the tough decisions on welfare hard working people rightly want to see”End Quote Grant Shapps Conservative Party chairman "This government talks a lot about getting housing benefit under control," he said. "But let me be clear: any attempt to control housing benefit costs which fails to build more homes is destined to fail."
Mr Miliband also outlined plans to cut long-term unemployment and encourage employers to pay a "living wage", keeping the costs of in-work benefits down, as well as increasing opportunities for disabled people.
Welfare could not be "a substitute for good jobs and decent employment", he said.
The Labour leader said people's faith in the welfare system has been "shaken" by the appearance that a minority of people were getting "something for nothing and other people nothing for something."
He pledged to restore the "contributory principle" to jobseeker's allowance, so that only people who have paid in "for significantly longer" than the current minimum of two years will be eligible.
The party, he said, will look at whether to give more than the current £71-a-week rate to those who have contributed longest, as this was not "a proper recognition of how much somebody who has worked for many decades has paid into the system".
'Distinctive choice'The BBC's political editor Nick Robinson said Labour believed they could reduce the benefits bill by getting more people into work, getting employers to pay higher wages and reforming the private rental market.
In that sense, he added, it did not mark a fundamental change in approach since Labour were not yet spelling out what benefits they would cut and who would get less.
Earlier this week, shadow chancellor Ed Balls said the party would end winter fuel payments for pensioners on high and top-level income tax rates, but this is only likely to raise £100m.
Unite leader Len McCluskey said he was encouraged Labour was offering a "distinctive choice" on the economy.
"If Ed Miliband continues in this vein, then he will win working people back to Labour," the union boss added.
But speaking on his weekly phone-in on LBC 97.3 FM, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg said Labour had spent the last three years "vilifying" coalition benefit changes but had now "flip-flopped" to support them.
And Conservative Party chairman Grant Shapps called the speech "completely empty".
He added: "Ed Miliband is too weak to deliver the tough decisions on welfare hard working people rightly want to see. His plans would actually increase welfare spending, and mean more borrowing and more debt."
The government is introducing a £26,000 annual cap on total benefits that can be paid to a single family, which it says means no-one on state support will get more than the average annual income.
An estimated 67,000 households will be affected by the cap this year.
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